“There are only 10 types of people in the world: Those who understand binary and those who don’t.”

The Binary number system is simply another way of describing an amount.
The binary number system is also called base 2. This is because it only offers the possibility of using two numerals to describe an amount.
Binary numbers are made of 0's and 1's.

A computer understands bits.
A bit in our computer language is defined as one binary digit.
A binary digit represents a measurement of a thing. Each digit has only two possibilities: 0 or 1.
Each binary digit is made from Character data composed of letters, symbols, and numerals that are not used in arithmetic operations, such as your name, address or your hair color.

Just like Morse code uses dashes and dots to represent letters of the alphabet, computers use a series of bits to represent letters, numerals and other characters.

Digital devices employ several types of code to represent character data, such as ASCII, EBCDIC, and Unicode.
The codes follow protocol using the binary number system also understood by the computers.

The Decimal numbers system uses 10 symbols to represent numbers: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.
The binary system like mentioned above uses only two symbols 0 and 1.

A formula that explains how to convert
Decimal numbers into Binary numbers:
Binary numbers are read a byte at a time and one byte equals to eight bits.

Start with 8 digits to represent a binary number (byte).
Binary stands for bi which stands for 2. (base2)

2°=1
2¹=2
2²=4
2³=8 and so forth to the 7^th power.

128	64	32	16	8	4	2	1
0	0	1	1	0	1	1	0

Let's look at decimal number 54, to convert numeral 54 into a binary number you need to start by seeing if the number 128 can fit into the number 54?
No it cannot so I added a 0 (zero) under the 128 (8^th digit)
Can you fit 64 into the number 54?
No it cannot, so I placed a 0 under the 7^th digit (64)
Can 32 fit into 54?
Yes so I placed a 1 (one) under the 6^th digit (32)
64-32=22
Can you fit 16 into 22?
Yes so I placed a 1 under the 5^th digit (16)
22-16=6
Can you fit 8 into 6?
No, so I added a 0 under the 4^th digit (8)
Can you fit 4 into 6?
Yes, so I place a 1 under the 3^rd digit (4)
6-4=2
Can I fit 2 into 2?
Yes, added a 1 under the 2^nd digit (2)
2-2=0
Can I fit 1 into 0?
No, so I added a 0 to the 1^st digit (1)
The zeros before the first 1 can be removed.
The decimal number 54 converts to binary 110110.

More examples are shown in the tables below.

Decimal Number	Binary Number
8	1000
25	11001
136	10001000
1492	10111010100

Decimal Number	Binary Number
25	11001
26	11010
27	11011
28	11100
29	11101
30	11110

"There are only 10 types of people in the world: Those who understand binary and those who don't."

If you see a group of individuals wearing the T-shirt "There are only 10 types of people in the world: Those who understand binary and those who don't"
You will only wonder where to get your own awesome T-shirt like that, because in binary we all know that 1 and 0 is 2. And it looks like decimal #10 to the type of people who do not know binary.